History
One of the earliest known literary works is the
Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh, an epic poem dated around
2100 B.C., which deals with themes of heroism, friendship, loss, and the quest for eternal life. Different historical periods have emphasized various characteristics of literature. Early works often had an overt or covert religious or didactic purpose. Moralizing or prescriptive literature stems from such sources. The exotic nature of
romance flourished from the
Middle Ages onwards, whereas the
Age of Reason manufactured nationalistic epics and philosophical
tracts.
Romanticism emphasized the popular folk literature and emotive involvement, but gave way in the 19th-century West to a phase of
realism and
naturalism, investigations into what is real. The 20th century brought demands for
symbolism or
psychological insight in the delineation and development of character.
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